{"id":6210,"date":"2024-08-22T15:45:24","date_gmt":"2024-08-22T15:45:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/?page_id=6210"},"modified":"2024-11-11T13:53:36","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T13:53:36","slug":"trois-types-dapproche-du-pilotage-strategique","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/le-pilotage-strategique\/un-pilotage-strategique-chemin-faisant-bases-conceptuelles\/trois-types-dapproche-du-pilotage-strategique\/","title":{"rendered":"&#8211;Trois types d\u2019approche du pilotage strat\u00e9gique"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-equal-height-columns\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h3><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1490\" src=\"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/Index_6_Analyse-interne.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"50\" height=\"50\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/Index_6_Analyse-interne-66x66.png 66w, https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/Index_6_Analyse-interne-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/Index_6_Analyse-interne-200x199.png 200w, https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/Index_6_Analyse-interne-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/Index_6_Analyse-interne.png 354w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" \/> Trois types d\u2019approche du pilotage strat\u00e9gique<\/h3>\n<p>Les \u00e9volutions de la pratique et les d\u00e9veloppements de la recherche, depuis le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1990, permettent de distinguer trois grands types d\u2019approche du pilotage strat\u00e9gique.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><ul>\n<li><em><strong>L\u2019approche \u00ab programmatique \u00bb ou \u00ab balistique \u00bb<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Elle est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par des <strong>d\u00e9marches d\u00e9ductives<\/strong>, de recueil d\u2019informations puis de calculs, le recours aux m\u00e9thodes d\u2019optimisation (algorithme). Elle sous-tend \u00e9galement le classique \u00ab cycle d\u2019am\u00e9lioration continue \u00bb: <strong>plan d\u2019action \u2013 mise en \u0153uvre \u2013 contr\u00f4le \u2013 adaptations<\/strong> (Jeanneaux, 2010). Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une approche normative, quasi m\u00e9canique, reposant sur une programmation ex ante.<br \/>\nElle est en principe op\u00e9rante dans le cas d\u2019une \u00ab\u00a0complexit\u00e9 d\u2019abondance\u00a0\u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire lorsqu\u2019il existe a priori beaucoup de solutions, et que les moyens pour les explorer toutes sont limit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><h6><\/h6>\n<h6>APPROCHE PROGRAMMATIQUE \u2013 ILLUSTRATION<\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">_<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6255 \" src=\"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/14-1-1-deliberee.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"537\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/14-1-1-deliberee-200x124.png 200w, https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/14-1-1-deliberee-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/14-1-1-deliberee-400x248.png 400w, https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/14-1-1-deliberee-600x372.png 600w, https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/14-1-1-deliberee-768x477.png 768w, https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/14-1-1-deliberee-800x497.png 800w, https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/14-1-1-deliberee-1024x636.png 1024w, https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/14-1-1-deliberee.png 1089w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 537px) 100vw, 537px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><ul>\n<li><em><strong>L\u2019action, la chance ou les processus non contr\u00f4l\u00e9s<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cette approche se <strong>concentre sur l\u2019action<\/strong>, en pariant sur la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un \u00ab ordre spontan\u00e9 \u00bb issu des actions \u00ab microscopiques \u00bb ou locales non organis\u00e9es ou cadr\u00e9es. Dans ce cas, l\u2019acquisition et le d\u00e9veloppement des ressources mobilis\u00e9es \u00ab s\u2019apparentent davantage \u00e0 des <strong>processus d\u2019apprentissage inconscients<\/strong> et contingents qu\u2019\u00e0 des actions strat\u00e9giques sp\u00e9cifiques, finalis\u00e9es et volontaires \u00bb (Lorino & Tarondeau, 1998).<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5\"><ul>\n<li><em><strong>La strat\u00e9gie \u00e9mergente, qui se construit \u00ab\u00a0chemin faisant\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le sens de cette approche est de <strong>veiller en permanence \u00e0 la coh\u00e9rence et \u00e0 la convergence des actions et d\u00e9cisions<\/strong> qui engagent \u00e0 long terme. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019adapter la strat\u00e9gie au fil de sa mise en \u0153uvre, de mani\u00e8re \u00ab agile \u00bb, de \u00ab construire son chemin pas \u00e0 pas en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 certaines finalit\u00e9s, en tirant parti des situations qui \u00e9mergent \u00bb (Avenier, 1999). L\u2019approche est inductive, interactive et dynamique. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une d\u00e9marche non lin\u00e9aire, \u00ab faite \u00e0 la fois de progression, de simultan\u00e9it\u00e9s et de retours en arri\u00e8re \u00bb (Michaud & Guichard, 1994).<br \/>\nC\u2019est l<strong>\u2019approche adapt\u00e9e dans les situations qui rel\u00e8vent d\u2019une \u00ab\u00a0complexit\u00e9 de sens<\/strong>\u00ab\u00a0: objectifs flous, \u00e9quivoques; donn\u00e9es multiples, agr\u00e9g\u00e9es, informations \u00e0 construire; enjeux forts, conflictuels, impact durable; diversit\u00e9 de crit\u00e8res de choix; faible nombre de solutions concevables et praticables (Martinet, 1993). On cherche une bonne solution et non la solution optimale. Dans le contexte actuel, en agriculture, c\u2019est celle que nous privil\u00e9gions. Voir <a href=\"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/le-pilotage-strategique\/un-pilotage-strategique-chemin-faisant-bases-conceptuelles\/caracteristiques-dun-pilotage-strategique-chemin-faisant\/\">cette page<\/a> pour en savoir plus<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );\" data-scroll-devices=\"small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-column-content-centered\"><div class=\"fusion-column-content\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><h6><\/h6>\n<h6>LA STRAT\u00c9GIE \u00c9MERGENTE \u2013 ILLUSTRATION<\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">_<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6259 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/14-1-1-emergente.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"830\" height=\"352\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/14-1-1-emergente-200x85.png 200w, https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/14-1-1-emergente-300x127.png 300w, https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/14-1-1-emergente-400x170.png 400w, https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/14-1-1-emergente-600x254.png 600w, https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/14-1-1-emergente-768x326.png 768w, https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/14-1-1-emergente-800x339.png 800w, https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2024\/08\/14-1-1-emergente.png 830w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 830px) 100vw, 830px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\">\n<div class=\"table-1\">\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"left\">Approche balistique<\/th>\n<th align=\"left\">Strat\u00e9gie \u00e9mergente<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Planification<br \/>\nex ante<br \/>\nRigidit\u00e9 du plan<br \/>\nEnvironnement stable<br \/>\nRationalit\u00e9<br \/>\nD\u00e9marche logique<br \/>\nProcessus lin\u00e9aire<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">Chemin faisant<br \/>\nA posteriori<br \/>\nFlexibilit\u00e9<br \/>\nInstabilit\u00e9 et incertitudes<br \/>\nD\u00e9marche incr\u00e9mentale<br \/>\nProcessus dynamique<br \/>\nBouclage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-section-separator section-separator clouds fusion-section-separator-1\" style=\"--awb-spacer-height:99px;--awb-svg-margin-left:0;--awb-svg-margin-right:0;--awb-divider-height:99px;--awb-spacer-padding-top:inherit;--awb-sep-padding:0;--awb-svg-padding:0;\"><div class=\"fusion-section-separator-svg\"><svg class=\"fusion-clouds-candy\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"100%\" height=\"100\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" fill=\"rgba(246,246,246,1)\"><path d=\"M-5 100 Q 0 20 5 100 Z\"><\/path>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M0 100 Q 5 0 10 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class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":279,"featured_media":0,"parent":6201,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6210","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/279"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6210"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6210\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6557,"href":"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6210\/revisions\/6557"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/strategidea\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}