{"id":258,"date":"2020-03-24T07:48:54","date_gmt":"2020-03-24T07:48:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/erosion\/?page_id=258"},"modified":"2020-03-24T07:48:54","modified_gmt":"2020-03-24T07:48:54","slug":"limitation-de-la-contrainte-du-sol-par-les-machines","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/erosion\/limitation-de-la-contrainte-du-sol-par-les-machines\/","title":{"rendered":"Limitation de la contrainte du sol par les machines"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 agri-erosion-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last agri-erosion-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three agri-erosion-boxtitle\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\">Description<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1 agri-erosion-boxtext\"><p>Limiter le tassement du sol afin de conserver sa structure (meilleure infiltration de l\u2019eau et de l\u2019air).<\/p>\n<p>Plusieurs mesures n\u00e9cessaires dans le domaine du machinisme sont \u00e0 prendre pour limiter la pression au sol des tracteurs ou engins tract\u00e9s et dans l\u2019organisation des travaux pour rentrer sur les sols ou les pr\u00e9parer dans des conditions id\u00e9ales (humidit\u00e9 du sol, poids des machines, type de pneus, pression des pneus, etc.).<\/p>\n<p>Des mesures pr\u00e9ventives sont applicables pour limiter l\u2019impact sur le sol\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>R\u00e9duire le poids total (utilis\u00e9 un tracteur adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 la situation et \u00e0 la machine)<\/li>\n<li>R\u00e9partir le poids d\u2019une mani\u00e8re optimale\u00a0: par exemple r\u00e9partition du poids par essieu. S\u2019il y a plus d\u2019essieux cela permet de diminuer la charge par pneu et de limiter la profondeur atteinte par tassement.<\/li>\n<li>Privil\u00e9gier plusieurs passages l\u00e9gers au lieu d\u2019un seul lourd.<\/li>\n<li>Bien choisir sa pneumatique en fonction de ses caract\u00e9ristiques et de son utilisation en augmentant la surface de contact au sol.\n<ul>\n<li>Privil\u00e9gier des pneus radieux \u00e0 des pneus diagonaux pour avoir une meilleure r\u00e9partition de la pression au sol.<\/li>\n<li>Diminuer la pression de gonflage pour augmenter la surface d\u2019empreinte et limiter la pression exerc\u00e9e au sol<\/li>\n<li>Prendre un pneu \u00e0 grand diam\u00e8tre permet d\u2019optimiser le ratio surface d\u2019empreinte \/ surface impact\u00e9e par le tassement.<\/li>\n<li>Mettre des roues jumel\u00e9es. Pour cette mesure utiliser des pneus d\u2019un diam\u00e8tre identique<\/li>\n<li>Utilisez des pneus \u00e0 basse pression. En utilisant des pneus basse pression, la force de traction augmente minimisant le risque de patinage. Ce n\u2019est pas le sol mais le pneu qui doit se d\u00e9former.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Diminuer la surface affect\u00e9e par les voies de passage. Le CFT (Controlled Traffic Farming) est un concept qui permet possible de localiser les passages de roues au m\u00eame endroit pour r\u00e9duire la surface affect\u00e9e par le tassement avec L\u2019utilisation d\u2019un GPS, l\u2019adaptation de la voie des tracteurs et la largeur des outils.<\/li>\n<li>Limiter le nombre de passage de la pr\u00e9paration du sol \u00e0 la r\u00e9colte d\u2019une culture<\/li>\n<li>Utiliser un outil d\u2019aide \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision comme <a href=\"https:\/\/www.terranimo.world\/CH\/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Terranimo<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ne circuler avec des machines que sur un sol suffisamment ressuy\u00e9 (outil d\u2019aide \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision le site humidit\u00e9 des sols.ch et le test \u00e0 la b\u00eache)<\/li>\n<li>Travailler le sol de mani\u00e8re grossi\u00e8re. Un travail du sol trop fin est tr\u00e8s sensible \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9rosion. NB. <a href=\"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/erosion\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/10\/3.1.5-8_Travail-du-sol-\u2013-Test-de-la-pi\u00e8ce-de-5-francs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fiche technique 3.1.4 du classeur \u00ab Agriculture biologique \u00bb, AGRIDEA<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 agri-erosion-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first agri-erosion-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three agri-erosion-boxtitle\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\">Avantages<\/h3><\/div>\n<div class=\"table-1 agri-erosion-table\">\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Meilleur enracinement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Meilleure structure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Meilleure chimie (lib\u00e9ration d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Meilleure biologie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Meilleur r\u00e9gime hydrique<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last agri-erosion-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three agri-erosion-boxtitle\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\">Risques<\/h3><\/div>\n<div class=\"table-1 agri-erosion-table\">\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Mauvaise pneumatique (forme, profil, etc.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Mauvaise pression des pneumatiques<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Un sol humide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Grand risque de tassements si surface du sol roul\u00e9 \u00e0 100%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">Poids de la machine trop important<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\"><strong>\u21d2 Tous ses points am\u00e8nes \u00e0 une perte de la porosit\u00e9, de la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 absorber l\u2019eau, de la chimie, de la capacit\u00e9 et du volume d\u2019enracinements de la biologie du sol.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 agri-erosion-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first agri-erosion-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-4 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three agri-erosion-boxtitle\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\">Contributions<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2 agri-erosion-boxtext\"><p>Aucune<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last agri-erosion-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-5 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-three agri-erosion-boxtitle\"><h3 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:30;line-height:1.5;\">Co\u00fbts<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3 agri-erosion-boxtext\"><p>Co\u00fbts faible pour une efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 agri-erosion-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last agri-erosion-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian agri-erosion-toggles\" style=\"--awb-border-size:1px;--awb-icon-size:13px;--awb-content-font-size:18px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#f9f9f9;--awb-border-color:#cccccc;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e0dede;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e0dede;--awb-icon-color:#ffffff;--awb-title-color:#f44336;--awb-content-color:#0f0f0f;--awb-icon-box-color:#7a7a7a;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#000000;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Roboto&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-line-height:1.5;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Roboto&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:300;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-boxed\" id=\"accordion-258-1\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-e2ab802cb6ae4e19e fusion-toggle-has-divider\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_e2ab802cb6ae4e19e\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e2ab802cb6ae4e19e\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-258-1\" data-target=\"#e2ab802cb6ae4e19e\" href=\"#e2ab802cb6ae4e19e\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Liens<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"e2ab802cb6ae4e19e\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_e2ab802cb6ae4e19e\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Le site <a href=\"http:\/\/www.terranimo.world\/CH\/expert\/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Terranimo<\/a> permet de savoir quel est l\u2019impact du poids de la machine sur le sol<\/p>\n<p>Le site <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humidite-des-sols.ch\/carte\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">humidit\u00e9 des sols<\/a> permet de conna\u00eetre l\u2019humidit\u00e9 des sols de stations r\u00e9partie dans 8 cantons (AG, BE, BL, FR, GE, SO, VD, ZG) participant \u00e0 ce projet.<\/p>\n<p>Fiche technique <a href=\"https:\/\/agripedia.ch\/erosion\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2019\/10\/3.1.5-8_Travail-du-sol-\u2013-Test-de-la-pi\u00e8ce-de-5-francs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">3.1.5-8 Travail du sol \u2013 Test de la pi\u00e8ce de 5 francs<\/a> Classeur \u00ab Agriculture biologique \u00bb, AGRIDEA<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.agroscope.admin.ch\/agroscope\/fr\/home\/themes\/economie-technique\/smart-farming\/controlled-traffic-farming.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Article sur le Controle Traffic Farming (CTF)<\/a> sur le site de la conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.agro-transfert-rt.org\/tassements-des-sols\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fiches techniques traitant le tassement<\/a> r\u00e9alis\u00e9 dans le cadre du projet SOL-D\u2019PHY par Agro Transfert<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 agri-erosion-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first agri-erosion-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div 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